If you have a condition that increases your risk of developing an autonomic dysfunction, like diabetes, your doctor may perform a physical exam and ask you questions about your symptoms. Other treatments, like cancer treatment with a drug known to cause nerve damage, can lead to an autonomic dysfunction. Your doctor may check for signs of an autonomic dysfunction if you are on drugs for cancer treatment. If you have symptoms of an autonomic dysfunction, but no obvious risk factors, your doctor may run other tests to confirm your diagnosis. They will review your medical history, ask you about your symptoms, and conduct a physical exam to check for several other disorders or diseases. If you have type 2 diabetes, you should be screened annually for an autonomic dysfunction as soon as you receive your diagnosis. If you have type 1 diabetes, you should be screened annually for an autonomic dysfunction five years after your diagnosis.
Urinary issues: You may have difficulty urinating, incontinence or involuntary leaking of urine, or chronic urinary tract infections. Digestive issues: You may feel full after only a few bites of food, have a complete loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea, bloating in the abdominal area, nausea, vomiting, a hard time swallowing, or heartburn. Sexual difficulties: Men may have difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, also known as erectile dysfunction, or ejaculation issues. Women may experience vaginal dryness, low sex drive, or difficulty achieving an orgasm. Heart rate issues: You may experience dizziness or fainting when you stand up due to a sudden drop in your blood pressure. This is called orthostatic hypotension and is common with autonomic dysfunction. You may also have sweating abnormalities, sweating too much or too little. This will make it difficult for you to regulate your body temperature. Your heart rate may stay the same even during exercise, leading to an inability or intolerance of physical activity.
There are also several alternative medicines you can try to help you manage your symptoms, including acupuncture and electrical nerve stimulation. Always talk to your doctor before using any alternative medicines to ensure it will not have a negative effect. [6] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U. S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
Your doctor may suggest taking a fiber supplement like Metamucil or Citrucel to increase the amount of fiber in your body. [7] X Trustworthy Source Cleveland Clinic Educational website from one of the world’s leading hospitals Go to source Avoid foods that contain lactose and gluten to prevent aggravating your digestive system. Patients with autonomic dysfunction of the stomach or diabetic gastroparesis should consume small meals four to five times a day. Meals should be low in fat and contain only soluble fiber. Your doctor may prescribe medication called metoclopramide (Reglan) to help your stomach empty faster by encouraging your digestive tract to contract; however, this medication can cause drowsiness and may be less effective over time. Your doctor may also recommend medication to help with constipation, such as over-the-counter laxatives. Talk to your doctor about how often you should take these medications. [8] X Research source Other medications, like antibiotics, can help relieve diarrhea or other bowel issues. Antibiotics can prevent excessive bacterial growth in your intestines, leading to a better functioning digestive system. Erythromycin causes increased functioning of the stomach, and is a prokinetic agent that improves gastric emptying. Your doctor may also prescribe antidepressants to treat nerve-related abdominal pain. You may experience side effects like dry mouth and urine retention when on these medications.
Your doctor may prescribe medication to help empty your bladder, such as bethanechol. You may experience side effects like headache, abdominal cramping, bloating, nausea, and flushing or redness in the face while on this medication. Ask your doctor about medication to prevent an overactive bladder, such as tolterodine (Detrol) or oxybutynin (Ditropan XL). You may experience side effects like dry mouth, headache, fatigue, constipation, and abdominal pain while on these drugs. Conditioning your pelvic floor muscles may also help. Talk to your doctor about how to isolate and exercise these muscles. Your doctor may recommend a more invasive solution like urinary assistance via a catheter. For this procedure, a tube will be guided through your urethra to empty your bladder.
Use these medications with caution if you have a history of heart disease, arrhythmia, stroke, or high blood pressure. Get immediate medical care if you have an erection that lasts longer than four hours. Your doctor may also recommend an external vacuum pump, which helps to pull blood into your penis using a hand pump. This will allow you to maintain an erection for up to 30 minutes. For women with sexual issues, your doctor may recommend vaginal lubricants to decrease any dryness and to make intercourse more enjoyable.
You can also take medication to raise your blood pressure, such as a drug called fludrocortisone. This medication will allow your body to retain salt, thereby regulating your blood pressure. Your doctor may also prescribe other drugs like midodrine or pyridostigmine (Mestinon). If you have heart regulation issues, your doctor may prescribe a class of medications called beta blockers. This will help to regulate your heart rate if it goes too high during physical activity. If you suffer from excessive sweating, you can take medication called glycopyrrolate (Robinul) to decrease sweating. You may experience side effects like diarrhea, dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred visions, headaches, loss of taste, changes in heart rate, and drowsiness.
Water aerobics and water jogging are ideal for individuals with orthostatic intolerance. You can also use an exercise bike to do light cycling and other gentle seated aerobic exercises. The use of antihypertensive medication (thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, etc. ) can worsen orthostatic hypotension, especially in the elderly.
You should also practice sitting with your legs dangling over the side of your bed for a few minutes before getting out of bed. Try to flex your feet and grip your hands together for a minute before standing to increase blood flow. You should also do basic standing exercises to improve blood flow like tensing your leg muscles and crossing one leg over the other.
Doing this will help to lessen your symptoms and delay or prevent more serious issues as a result of your diabetes. In addition to symptoms like urinary and digestive issues and erectile dysfunction, you may also experience peripheral neuropathy (numbness) if you have diabetes. Talk to your doctor if you experience any of these issues.
It can be helpful to talk to others who understand what you are going through and are dealing with many of the same struggles as you. You may also learn some coping mechanisms from the support group to make life with an autonomic dysfunction easier.
